Hard Candy, LLC v. Anastasia Beverly Hills, Inc.

MARCUS, Circuit Judge:

*1348 "Trial by jury," James Madison said in a speech urging the adoption of the Bill of Rights, "is as essential to secure the liberty of the people as any one of the pre-existent rights of nature." James Madison, Speech in Congress Proposing Constitutional Amendments, in Writings 445-46 (Jack Rakove ed., 1999). But courts have long held that a jury is guaranteed only for claims that would have been heard in courts of law at the time of the Founding, not for those that would have been heard in courts of equity. This appeal requires us to decide whether the Seventh Amendment…