Legal Opinion
United States v. Andre Cruz, A/K/A Anthony Torres, A/K/A Anthony Zayas, Andre Cruz
Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Decided February 13, 1997No. 96-1325PublishedCited by 22 opinions
1Opinion of the Court
OPINION OF THE COURT
BECKER, Circuit Judge.
The sentencing appeal of defendant Andre Cruz, following his conviction pursuant to a plea of guilty to carjacking, 18 U.S.C. § 2119, requires us to construe two facets of the vulnerable victim provisions of § 3Al.l(b) of the Sentencing Guidelines. First, we must determine whether the vulnerable victim enhancement applies to harm caused by the defendant to someone who was not the victim of the offense of conviction. Second, we must decide whether the adjustment can be made if the defendant did not target (or commit the offense because of) the…
2Cases cited31 opinions
- Stinson v. United StatesSupreme Court of the United States · 1993
- United States v. BassSupreme Court of the United States · 1971
- Hughey v. United StatesSupreme Court of the United States · 1990
- Moskal v. United StatesSupreme Court of the United States · 1990
- United States v. Richard O. BertoliCourt of Appeals for the Third Circuit · 1994
26 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.
3Cited by22 opinions
- United States v. Phillip ClineCourt of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 2004
- United States v. Steven B. ZatsCourt of Appeals for the Third Circuit · 2002
- United States v. Alfred Monostra, IIICourt of Appeals for the Third Circuit · 1997
- United States v. James W. SnyderCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1999
- United States v. KennedyCourt of Appeals for the Third Circuit · 2009
17 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.