United States of America, Donny Brurell Buckley, Intervening v. Board of School Commissioners of the City of Indianapolis, Indiana

SPRECHER, Circuit Judge.

This is a school desegregation case originally brought by the United States against the Board of School Commissioners of Indianapolis, Indiana, but later expanded to include as defendants school districts located in the surrounding metropolitan area. These 17 separate appeals raise a host of divergent issues.

I

THE BACKGROUND

The United States initiated this action on May 31, 1968, pursuant to section 407(a) and (b) of Title IV, of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. § 2000c-6(a) and (b)). The complaint charged the Board of School Commissioners for the City of…