Worldwide Church of God v. Philadelphia Church of God, Inc.
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
1Opinion of the Court
SCHWARZER, Senior District Judge:
Appellant Worldwide Church of God (“WCG”) is a nonprofit religious organization whose late Pastor General, Herbert W. Armstrong, wrote a 380-page book entitled Mystery of the Ages {“MOA ”), the copyright to which is held by WCG. After Armstrong’s death, WCG retired MOA from distribution and use. Appellee Philadelphia Church of God (“PCG”), also a nonprofit religious organization, then appropriated MOA for use in its religious observance, copying it in its entirety and distributing large numbers of copies to its members and the public. We must decide whether…
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