United States v. Encarnacion-Ruiz

LIPEZ, Circuit Judge.

This case presents an issue of first impression, requiring us to decide the applicability of the Supreme Court’s decision in Rosemond v. United States, — U.S. —, 134 S.Ct. 1240, 188 L.Ed.2d 248 (2014), to appellant’s claim that the government has to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that an aider and abettor to a production of child pornography charge knew that the victim was a minor.

I

Roberto Enearnación-Ruiz (“Encarna-ción”) was charged with one count of aiding and abetting the production of child pornography in connection with a pornographic film that he made in 2010 with…