United States v. Freitas
Court of Appeals for the First Circuit
1Opinion of the Court
THOMPSON, Circuit Judge.
PREFACE
Antonio Freitas stands convicted of bulk-cash smuggling and currency structuring, in violation of 31 U.S.C. §§ 5332 (a) and 5324(c). Freitas believes we must vacate *14 his convictions because, according to him, the district judge quadruply erred-first by admitting certain statements under the coconspirator exception to the hearsay rule; next by instructing the jury that the government can prove the concealment element of the bulk-cash-smuggling charge through evidence of structuring, an instruction that wrongly removed the mental-state element from both crimes;…
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