Legal Opinion
I.P. Lund Trading ApS v. Kohler Co.
District Court, D. Massachusetts
Decided February 5, 1998No. Civil Action 97-10427-NGPublishedCited by 9 opinions
1Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
GERTNER, District Judge.
TABLE OF CONTENTS February 5,1998
L INTRODUCTION.114
II. BACKGROUND. y — I t — I
A. Characteristics of the Products t-H i — I
III. DISCUSSION. 116
A. Preliminary Injunction Standard. 117
B. Trademarks and Trade Dress. 117
C. Trade Dress Infringement. 119
1. Is The VOLA Distinctive?. 120
a. Inherently Distinctive Product Design. 120
b. The VOLA Has Acquired Secondary Meaning. 120
c. Is There A Likelihood Of Confusion?. 121
i) Whose Confusion Counts?. 121
' ii) Eight-Factor Test For Likelihood Of Confusion 122
D. Trade Dress Dilution . 124
1. The Fame And…
2Cases cited39 opinions
- Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc.Supreme Court of the United States · 1992
- Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc.Supreme Court of the United States · 1982
- Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co.Supreme Court of the United States · 1995
- United States v. SteffensSupreme Court of the United States · 1879
- Lois Sportswear, U.S.A., Inc., and Textiles Y Confecciones Europeas, S.A. v. Levi Strauss & Company, Defendant-Plaintiff-AppelleeCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 1986
34 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.
3Cited by9 opinions
- I.P. Lund Trading ApS v. Kohler Co.Court of Appeals for the First Circuit · 1998
- New York City Triathlon, LLC v. Nyc Triathlon Club, Inc.District Court, S.D. New York · 2010
- Pharmacia Corp. v. Alcon Laboratories, Inc.District Court, D. New Jersey · 2002
- Planet Hollywood (Region IV), Inc. v. Hollywood Casino Corp.District Court, N.D. Illinois · 1999
- Boustany v. Boston Dental Group, Inc.District Court, D. Massachusetts · 1999
4 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.