Panm Sat Corporation v. Federal Communications Commission and United States of America, Bellsouth Wireless, Inc., Intervenor

Opinion for the Court filed by Circuit Judge WILLIAMS.

' WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge:

Congress requires that the Federal Communications Commission collect fees to finance its regulatory activities. In 1985, as part of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, it amended the Communications Act of 1934 by adding a section 8, 47 U.S.C. § 158, which created a schedule of “application fees” for regula-tees to pay to the FCC. In 1993, again as part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, it expanded FCC fee collection by adding a section 9, which mandated the collection of “regulatory fees”…