United States v. Rene Martin Verdugo-Urquidez

REINHARDT, Circuit Judge:

This case presents the question whether the United States breaches its obligations *1343under its extradition treaty with Mexico if it authorizes or sponsors the forcible taking of a Mexican national from that country without the consent of the Mexican government. We hold that it does. We further hold that if the Mexican government formally objects to the treaty breach and a defendant timely raises that breach in a pending criminal proceeding the courts of the United States may not exercise personal jurisdiction over that defendant, provided the Mexican government is…