Tex. Tech Physicians Assocs. v. U.S. Dep't of Health & Human Servs.

GREGG COSTA, Circuit Judge:

*840 Medicare incentivizes services, not results. Its fee-for-service model risks not only that beneficiaries may receive treatment they do not need, but also that they may miss out on less expensive treatment that might help. See MEDICARE PAYMENT ADVISORY COMM'N, REPORT TO THE CONGRESS: REFORMING THE DELIVERY SYSTEM 7 (June 2008). To test whether other approaches could be more efficient, Congress authorizes "experiments and demonstration projects" deviating from the ordinary Medicare reimbursement rules. 42 U.S.C. § 1395b-1. This case arises from one such demonstration…