Legal Opinion
Gertrude Beal v. John v. Lindsay, Individually and as Mayor of the City of New York
Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Decided October 5, 1972No. 2, Docket 72-1194PublishedCited by 85 opinions
1Opinion of the Court
FRIENDLY, Chief Judge:
This is the first case requiring us to apply the path-breaking decision in Hawkins v. Town of Shaw, Mississippi, 437 F.2d 1286 (5 Cir. 1971), adhered to by a divided court en banc, 461 F.2d 1171 (5 Cir. 1972). While we accept the principle that serious and continued discrimination in the level of effort expended on municipal services to areas predominantly populated by minority racial groups violates the equal protection clause, even without direct proof of “bad faith, ill will or any evil motive,” 461 F.2d at 1172, we have concluded that the complaint here was properly…
2Cases cited10 opinions
- Adickes v. S. H. Kress & Co.Supreme Court of the United States · 1970
- First Nat. Bank of Ariz. v. Cities Service Co.Supreme Court of the United States · 1968
- Monroe v. PapeSupreme Court of the United States · 1961
- Arnstein v. PorterCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 1946
- Carter v. StantonSupreme Court of the United States · 1972
5 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.
3Cited by85 opinions
- Annette Heyman v. Commerce and Industry Insurance CompanyCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 1975
- Robert C. Hahn v. Francis W. SargentCourt of Appeals for the First Circuit · 1975
- Michael E. Moss v. Morgan Stanley Inc., E. Jacques Courtois, Jr., Adrian Antoniu, and James M. Newman, Morgan Stanley Inc. And James M. NewmanCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 1983
- Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 95,614 the Exchange National Bank of Chicago v. Touche Ross & Co.Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 1976
- Over the Road Drivers, Inc. v. Transport Insurance CompanyCourt of Appeals for the First Circuit · 1980
80 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.