United States v. One 1978 Piper Cherokee Aircraft, Tail No. N 5538v, Including Its Tools and Appurtenances, Perry A. McCullough Claimant-Appellant

Opinion by Judge CANBY; Concurrence by Judge RYMER.

CANBY, Circuit Judge:

Claimant Perry McCullough appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment to the United States in this civil forfeiture action brought pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 881(a)(4). He asserts that the district court never gained in rem jurisdiction in this action because the res never was brought within its district. He also asserts: that the judgment must be reversed because the government lacked probable cause to initiate the action; that the government is promissorily *491estopped from seeking the civil forfeiture; that the…