Country Profile

Japan

Population, Economy and Living Standards, 2016–2025

Capital: Tokyo66 indicators from 3 publishers

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland, it is bordered to the west by the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk in the north, and the East China Sea in the south. The Japanese archipelago consists of four major islands alongside over 14,000 smaller islands. Japan is divided into 47 administrative prefectures and eight traditional regions, and around 75% of its terrain is mountainous and heavily forested, concentrating its agriculture and highly urbanized population along its eastern coastal plains. With a population of almost 123 million as of 2026, it is the world's 11th most populous country. Tokyo is the country's capital and largest city.

Population

123.4M

2025

GDP

$4.4T

current US$ · 2025

GDP per capita

$35,951

current US$ · 2025

Life expectancy

84.04

years · 2024

1Demographics6 indicators · 2016–2025

Population
123.4M2025
Population growthannual %
−0.49%2025
Urban population% of population
92.3%2025
Fertility rate, totalbirths per woman
1.152024
Population aged 0–14% of population
11.24%2025
Population aged 65 and above% of population
29.99%2025

Year-by-year table

Indicator	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Populationcount	127,076,000	126,972,000	126,811,000	126,633,000	126,261,000	125,681,593	125,124,989	124,516,650	123,975,371	123,366,734
Population growthannual %	-0.05	-0.08	-0.13	-0.14	-0.29	-0.46	-0.44	-0.49	-0.44	-0.49
Urban population% of population	91.45	91.55	91.64	91.72	91.78	91.87	91.98	92.08	92.19	92.3
Fertility rate, totalbirths per woman	1.44	1.43	1.42	1.36	1.33	1.3	1.26	1.2	1.15	—
Population aged 0–14% of population	12.72	12.61	12.49	12.37	12.22	12.05	11.86	11.65	11.44	11.24
Population aged 65 and above% of population	27.51	27.98	28.35	28.63	28.92	29.22	29.4	29.56	29.78	29.99

2Economy10 indicators · 2016–2025

GDPcurrent US$
$4.4T2025
GDP per capitacurrent US$
$35,9512025
GDP, PPPconstant 2021 international $
6T2025
GDP per capita, PPPconstant 2021 international $
48,2832025
GDP per capita, PPPconstant 2020 international $ · OECD
47,6282025 · est.
GDP growthannual %
1.19%2025
Inflation, consumer pricesannual %
3.17%2025
Gini indexindex points
32.32020
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP% of population
1.2%2020
Long-term government bond yield, 10-yearOECD
1.55%2025

Year-by-year table

Indicator	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
GDPcurrent US$, trillions	5.1	5	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	4.4	4.4	4.2	4.4
GDP per capitacurrent US$	40,215	39,680	40,645	41,425	41,099	41,581	35,548	35,215	33,797	35,951
GDP, PPPconstant 2021 international $, trillions	5.7	5.8	5.9	5.8	5.6	5.8	5.9	5.9	5.9	6
GDP per capita, PPPconstant 2021 international $	44,927	45,693	46,133	46,055	44,213	45,999	46,819	47,387	47,480	48,283
GDP per capita, PPPconstant 2020 international $ · OECD	44,275	45,038	45,474	45,404	43,600	45,385	46,194	46,750	46,845	47,628^e
GDP growthannual %	0.7	1.62	0.83	-0.31	-4.28	3.56	1.33	0.72	-0.24	1.19
Inflation, consumer pricesannual %	-0.13	0.48	0.99	0.47	-0.02	-0.23	2.5	3.27	2.74	3.17
Gini indexindex points	31.8	31.8	32.9	33	32.3	—	—	—	—	—
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP% of population	0.7	0.6	1	1.3	1.2	—	—	—	—	—
Long-term government bond yield, 10-year% · OECD	-0.07	0.05	0.07	-0.11	-0.01	0.07	0.23	0.56	0.92	1.55

3Labor9 indicators · 2016–2025

Labor force participation rate, ILO modelled% of population aged 15+
63.45%2025
Labor force participation rate, national estimate% of population aged 15+
63.8%2025
Unemployment rate, ILO modelled% of labor force aged 15+
2.45%2025
Unemployment rate, national estimate% of labor force aged 15+
2.5%2025
Unemployment rate, national estimate% of labor force aged 25+ · United Nations Statistics Division
2.41%2025
Youth unemployment rate, ILO modelled% of labor force aged 15–24
3.9%2025
Youth unemployment rate, national estimate% of labor force aged 15–24
3.8%2025
Employment to population ratio, ILO modelled% of population aged 15+
61.89%2025
Employment in agriculture, ILO modelled% of employment
2.81%2025

Year-by-year table

Indicator	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Labor force participation rate, ILO modelled% of population aged 15+	59.99	60.44	61.45	62.01	61.95	62.05	62.5	62.9	63.3	63.45
Labor force participation rate, national estimate% of population aged 15+	59.99	60.44	61.45	62.01	61.95	62.05	62.5	62.81	63.3	63.8
Unemployment rate, ILO modelled% of labor force aged 15+	3.13	2.82	2.47	2.35	2.81	2.81	2.61	2.6	2.5	2.45
Unemployment rate, national estimate% of labor force aged 15+	3.13	2.82	2.47	2.35	2.81	2.81	2.61	2.59	2.5	2.5
Unemployment rate, national estimate% of labor force aged 25+ · United Nations Statistics Division	2.95	2.67	2.36	2.2	2.64	2.63	2.45	2.45	2.4	2.41
Youth unemployment rate, ILO modelled% of labor force aged 15–24	5.12	4.61	3.67	3.94	4.68	4.71	4.43	4.12	3.93	3.9
Youth unemployment rate, national estimate% of labor force aged 15–24	5.11	4.61	3.67	3.93	4.68	4.71	4.44	4.03	4	3.8
Employment to population ratio, ILO modelled% of population aged 15+	58.11	58.74	59.93	60.55	60.21	60.31	60.87	61.27	61.72	61.89
Employment in agriculture, ILO modelled% of employment	3.66	3.6	3.51	3.38	3.26	3.17	3.1	3.01	2.88	2.81

4Trade4 indicators · 2016–2025

Exports of goods and servicescurrent US$
$921B2024
Imports of goods and servicescurrent US$
$1T2024
Current account balance% of GDP
4.86%2025
Foreign direct investment, net inflowscurrent US$
$45.8B2025

Year-by-year table

Indicator	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Exports of goods and servicescurrent US$, billions	803.5	867.4	923.2	893.8	785.1	912.6	918.4	923.4	921	—
Imports of goods and servicescurrent US$, trillions	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	1.1	1	1	—
Current account balance% of GDP	3.86	4.03	3.44	3.37	2.89	3.76	2.03	3.61	4.62	4.86
Foreign direct investment, net inflowscurrent US$, billions	41	18.8	25.3	40	62.6	35	48.2	20	18.9	45.8

5Health16 indicators · 2016–2024

Life expectancy at birthyears
84.042024
Infant mortality rateper 1,000 live births
1.82024
Under-five mortality rateper 1,000 live births
2.42024
Maternal mortality ratioper 100,000 live births
32023
Suicide mortality rate, crudeper 100,000 population · OECD
16.92023
Suicide mortality rate, age-standardisedper 100,000 population · OECD
16.32023
Intentional homicide rateper 100,000 population
0.232023
Current health expenditure% of GDP
10.74%2023
Physiciansper 1,000 population
2.652022
Computed tomography scannersper 100,000 population · OECD
11.982023
Magnetic resonance imaging unitsper 100,000 population · OECD
5.982023
Mammography unitsper 100,000 population · OECD
3.352023
Alcohol consumption, population aged 15+litres of pure alcohol per capita · OECD
6.72024
Tobacco consumption, population aged 15+grams per capita · OECD
7532024
Daily smokers% of population aged 15+ · OECD
14.8%2024
Population using safely managed sanitation services% of population · United Nations Statistics Division
99.19%2024 · est.

Year-by-year table

Indicator	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Life expectancy at birthyears	83.98	84.1	84.21	84.36	84.56	84.45	84	84.04	84.04
Infant mortality rateper 1,000 live births	2	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
Under-five mortality rateper 1,000 live births	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
Maternal mortality ratioper 100,000 live births	5	5	5	5	4	4	5	3	—
Suicide mortality rate, crudeper 100,000 population · OECD	16.5	16.1	15.8	15.3	16	16.2	17	16.9	—
Suicide mortality rate, age-standardisedper 100,000 population · OECD	15.6	15.2	15	14.6	15.4	15.6	16.3	16.3	—
Intentional homicide rateper 100,000 population	0.28	0.24	0.26	0.25	0.25	0.23	0.23	0.23	—
Current health expenditure% of GDP	10.66	10.66	10.74	10.97	11.45	12.08	12.32	10.74	—
Physiciansper 1,000 population	2.42	—	2.48	—	2.59	—	2.65	—	—
Computed tomography scannersper 100,000 population · OECD	—	11.13	—	—	11.57	—	—	11.98	—
Magnetic resonance imaging unitsper 100,000 population · OECD	—	5.51	—	—	5.74	—	—	5.98	—
Mammography unitsper 100,000 population · OECD	—	3.43	—	—	3.38	—	—	3.35	—
Alcohol consumption, population aged 15+litres of pure alcohol per capita · OECD	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.1	6.7	6.6	6.8	6.7	6.7
Tobacco consumption, population aged 15+grams per capita · OECD	1,517	1,310	1,171	1,065	892	845	839	797	753
Daily smokers% of population aged 15+ · OECD	18.3	17.7	17.8	16.7	—	—	14.8	15.7	14.8
Population using safely managed sanitation services% of population · United Nations Statistics Division	98.69^e	98.81^e	98.91^e	98.97^e	99.02^e	99.07^e	99.12^e	99.17^e	99.19^e

6Education3 indicators · 2016–2025

School enrollment, tertiary, gross% of relevant age group
64.49%2023
Tertiary educational attainment% of population aged 25–64 · OECD
57.93%2025
Government expenditure on education% of GDP
3.34%2021

Year-by-year table

Indicator	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
School enrollment, tertiary, gross% of relevant age group	62.5	63.29	62.61	62.4	62.3	62.04	63.38	64.49	—	—
Tertiary educational attainment% of population aged 25–64 · OECD	50.5	51.44	51.93	52.68	54.03	55.56	56.13	55.99	57.02	57.93
Government expenditure on education% of GDP	3.15	3.13	3.08	3.16	3.31	3.34	—	—	—	—

7Energy12 indicators · 2016–2025

Renewable energy consumption% of total final energy consumption
8.8%2021
Electricity production from coal sources% of total electricity output
28.59%2025
Electricity production from natural gas sources% of total electricity output
29.6%2025
Electricity production from oil sources% of total electricity output
1.99%2025
Electricity production from oil, gas and coal sources% of total electricity output
60.18%2025
Electricity production from nuclear sources% of total electricity output
9.98%2025
Electricity production from hydroelectric sources% of total electricity output
8.73%2025
Renewable electricity output% of total electricity output
21.1%2021
Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroelectric% of total electricity output
12.64%2021
Energy usekg of oil equivalent per capita
3,0042024
Electric power consumptionkWh per capita
7,5312025
Access to electricity% of population
100%2024

Year-by-year table

Indicator	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Renewable energy consumption% of total final energy consumption	6.4	6.9	7.3	7.8	8.5	8.8	—	—	—	—
Electricity production from coal sources% of total electricity output	32.24	32.28	31.15	31.45	30.57	30.6	30.28	28.4	28.68	28.59
Electricity production from natural gas sources% of total electricity output	41.05	39.36	38.05	37.07	38.77	34.24	33.83	32.88	32.12	29.6
Electricity production from oil sources% of total electricity output	6.87	5.62	4.18	3.33	3.1	3.8	4.2	3.03	2.37	1.99
Electricity production from oil, gas and coal sources% of total electricity output	80.16	77.26	73.38	71.85	72.44	68.64	68.32	64.31	63.18	60.18
Electricity production from nuclear sources% of total electricity output	1.69	3.05	6.09	6.14	3.81	6.74	5.51	8.37	9.24	9.98
Electricity production from hydroelectric sources% of total electricity output	8	8.43	8.28	8.44	8.61	8.47	8.45	8.47	8.33	8.73
Renewable electricity output% of total electricity output	14.7	16.2	17.06	18.58	20.29	21.1	—	—	—	—
Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroelectric% of total electricity output	6.7	7.77	8.78	10.14	11.68	12.64	—	—	—	—
Energy usekg of oil equivalent per capita	3,371	3,391	3,343	3,262	3,047	3,196	3,131	3,039	3,004	—
Electric power consumptionkWh per capita	8,066	8,191	8,058	7,853	7,687	7,961	7,800	7,672	7,781	7,531
Access to electricity% of population	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	—

8Environment4 indicators · 2016–2024

CO₂ emissionstonnes
972.3M2024
CO₂ emissions per capitatonnes per capita
7.842024
Greenhouse gas emissions, excluding LULUCFtonnes of CO₂ equivalent
1.1B2024
Forest area% of land area
68.34%2024

Year-by-year table

Indicator	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
CO₂ emissionstonnes	1,228,653,700	1,212,942,300	1,163,127,800	1,123,813,000	1,060,226,900	1,080,206,000	1,050,503,200	1,002,438,200	972,267,000
CO₂ emissions per capitatonnes per capita	9.67	9.55	9.17	8.87	8.4	8.59	8.4	8.05	7.84
Greenhouse gas emissions, excluding LULUCFtonnes of CO₂ equivalent	1,320,935,400	1,305,690,400	1,254,598,400	1,215,140,800	1,151,067,700	1,172,125,200	1,142,304,600	1,094,024,300	1,063,335,800
Forest area% of land area	68.42	68.41	68.39	68.38	68.36	68.36	68.35	68.35	68.34

9Infrastructure2 indicators · 2016–2024

Individuals using the Internet% of population
85.54%2024
Mobile cellular subscriptionsper 100 population
178.42023

Year-by-year table

Indicator	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Individuals using the Internet% of population	93.18	91.73	88.75	92.73	90.22	82.91	84.92	85.01	85.54
Mobile cellular subscriptionsper 100 population	131.2	136	141.7	147.2	154.4	159.5	168.6	178.4	—

10Facts

Regional languages: Ainu (recognized), Hachijō, Ryukyuan languages
Legislature: National Diet
Legislature: Upper house: Senate
Legislature: Lower house: House of Representatives
Time zone: UTC+09:00 (JST)
Calling code: +81
Internet TLD: .jp

11Sources

It has a population of 126.5 million and an area of 364,500 km². This profile covers its demographics, economy, labor, trade, health, education, energy, environment and infrastructure through 66 indicators for 2016–2025, sourced from World Development Indicators (World Bank), OECD Data Explorer (OECD) and UN SDG Global Database (United Nations Statistics Division).

World BankWorld Development Indicators, 53 seriesdata.worldbank.org/indicator
OECDOECD Data Explorer, 11 seriesdata-explorer.oecd.org
United Nations Statistics DivisionUN SDG Global Database, 2 seriesunstats.un.org/sdgs/dataportal/database
GeoNamesGeoNames gazetteerwww.geonames.org
Wikipediaintroduction and facts, CC BY-SA 4.0

(e) estimated values are not final and may be revised by the publisher.